trysomethingnewfor30days小计划帮你实现大目标
afewyearsago,ifeltlikeiwasstuckinarut,soidecidedtofollowinthefootstepsofthegreatamericanphilosopher,morganspurlock,andtrysomethingnewfor30days.theideaisactuallyprettysimple.thinkaboutsomethingyou’vealwayswantedtoaddtoyourlifeandtryitforthene_t30days.itturnsout,30daysisjustabouttherightamountoftimetoaddanewhabitorsubtractahabit—likewatchingthenews—fromyourlife.
几年前，我感觉对老一套感到枯燥乏味，所以我决定追随伟大的美国哲学家摩根·斯普尔洛克的脚步，尝试做新事情30天。这个想法的确是非常简单。考虑下，你常想在你生命中做的一些事情接下来30天尝试做这些。这就是，30天刚好是这么一段合适的时间去养成一个新的习惯或者改掉一个习惯——例如看新闻——在你生活中。
there’safewthingsilearnedwhiledoingthese30-daychallenges.thefirstwas,insteadofthemonthsflyingby,forgotten,thetimewasmuchmorememorable.thiswaspartofachallengeididtotakeapictureeverydayforamonth.andiremembere_actlywhereiwasandwhatiwasdoingthatday.ialsonoticedthatasistartedtodomoreandharder30-daychallenges,myself-confidencegrew.iwentfromdesk-dwellingcomputernerdtothekindofguywhobikestowork—forfun.evenlastyear,iendeduphikingupnjaro,thehighestmountaininafrica.iwouldneverhavebeenthatadventurousbeforeistartedmy30-daychallenges.
当我在30天做这些挑战性事情时，我学到以下一些事。第一件事是，取代了飞逝而过易被遗忘的岁月的是这段时间非常的更加令人难忘。挑战的一部分是要一个月内每天我要去拍摄一张照片。我清楚地记得那一天我所处的位置我都在干什么。我也注意到随着我开始做更多的，更难的30天里具有挑战性的事时，我自信心也增强了。我从一个台式计算机宅男极客变成了一个爱骑自行车去工作的人——为了玩乐。甚至去年，我完成了在非洲最高山峰乞力马扎罗山的远足。在我开始这30天做挑战性的事之前我从来没有这样热爱冒险过。
ialsofiguredoutthatifyoureallywantsomethingbadlyenough,youcandoanythingfor30days.haveyoueverwantedtowriteanovel?everynovember,tensofthousandsofpeopletrytowritetheirown50,000wordnovelfromscratchin30days.itturnsout,allyouhavetodoiswrite1,667wordsadayforamonth.soidid.bytheway,thesecretisnottogotosleepuntilyou’vewrittenyourwordsfortheday.youmightbesleep-deprived,butyou’llfinishyournovel.nowismybookthene_tgreatamericannovel?no.iwroteitinamonth.it’sawful.butfortherestofmylife,ifimeetjohnhodgmanatatedparty,idon’thavetosay,“i’macomputerscientist.”no,no,ifiwanttoicansay,“i’manovelist.”
我也认识到如果你真想一些槽糕透顶的事，你可以在30天里做这些事。你曾想写小说吗？每年11月，数以万计的人们在30天里，从零起点尝试写他们自己的5万字小说。这结果就是，你所要去做的事就是每天写1667个字要写一个月。所以我做到了。顺便说一下，秘密在于除非在一天里你已经写完了1667个字，要不你就甭想睡觉。你可能被剥夺睡眠，但你将会完成你的小说。那么我写的书会是下一部伟大的美国小说吗？不是的。我在一个月内写完它。它看上去太可怕了。但在我的余生，如果我在一个ted聚会上遇见约翰·霍奇曼，我不必开口说，“我是一个电脑科学家。”不，不会的，如果我愿意我可以说，“我是一个小说家。”
(laughter)
(笑声)
sohere’sonelastthingi’dliketomention.ilearnedthatwhenimadesmall,sustainablechanges,thingsicouldkeepdoing,theyweremorelikelytostick.there’snothingwrongwithbig,crazychallenges.infact,they’reatonoffun.butthey’relesslikelytostick.whenigaveupsugarfor30days,day31lookedlikethis.
我这儿想提的最后一件事。当我做些小的、持续性的变化，我可以不断尝试做的事时，我学到我可以把它们更容易地坚持做下来。这和又大又疯狂的具有挑战性的事情无关。事实上，它们的乐趣无穷。但是，它们就不太可能坚持做下来。当我在30天里拒绝吃糖果，31天后看上去就像这样。
(laughter)
(笑声)
sohere’smyquestiontoyou:whatareyouwaitingfor?iguaranteeyouthene_t30daysaregoingtopasswhetheryoulikeitornot,sowhynotthinkaboutsomethingyouhavealwayswantedtotryandgiveitashotforthene_t30days.
所以我给大家提的问题是：大家还在等什么呀？我保准大家在未来的30天定会经历你喜欢或者不喜欢的事，那么为什么不考虑一些你常想做的尝试并在未来30天里试试给自己一个机会。
thanks.
谢谢。
(applause)
(掌声)
inafunny,rapid-fire4minutes,ale_isohanianofreddittellsthereal-lifefableofonehumpbackwhale'srisetowebstardom.thelessonofmistersplashypantsisashoo-inclassicformeme-makersandmarketersinthefacebookage.
这段有趣的4分钟演讲，来自reddit网站创始人ale_isohanian。他讲了一个座头鲸在网上一夜成名的真实故事。“溅水先生”的故事是脸书时代米姆(小编注：根据《牛津英语词典》，meme被定义为：“文化的基本单位，通过非遗传的方式，特别是模仿而得到传递。”)制造者和传播者共同创造的经典案例。
演讲的开头，ale_isohanian介绍了“溅水先生”的故事。“绿色和平”环保组织为了阻止日本的捕鲸行为，在一只鲸鱼体内植入新片，并发起一个为这只座头鲸起名的活动。“绿色和平”组织希望起低调奢华有内涵的名字，但经过reddit的宣传和推动，票数最多的却是非常不高大上的“溅水先生”这个名字。经过几番折腾，“绿色和平”接受了这个名字，并且这一行动成功阻止了日本捕鲸活动。
演讲内容节选(ale_ohanian从社交网络的角度分析这个事件)
andactually,redditorsintheinternetcommunitywerehappytoparticipate,buttheyweren'twhalelovers.afewofthemcertainlywere.butwe'retalkingaboutalotofpeoplewhowerejustreallyinterestedandreallycaughtupinthisgreatmeme,andinfactsomeonefromgreenpeacecamebackonthesiteandthankedredditforitsparticipation.butthiswasn'treallyoutofaltruism.thiswasjustoutofinterestindoingsomethingcool.
事实上，reddit的社区用户们很高兴参与其中，但他们并非是鲸鱼爱好者。当然，他们中的一小部分或许是。我们看到的是一群人积极地去参与到这个米姆(社会活动)中，实际上“绿色和平”中的人登陆，感谢大家的参与。网友们这么做并非是完全的利他主义。他们只是觉得做这件事很酷。
andthisiskindofhowtheinternetworks.thisisthatgreatbigetheinternetprovidesthislevelplayingfield.yourlinkisjustasgoodasyourlink,whichisjustasgoodasmylink.aslongaswehaveabrowser,anyonecangettoanywebsitenomatterhowbigabudgetyouhave.
这就是互联网的运作方式。这就是我说的秘密。因为互联网提供的是一个机会均等平台。你分享的链接跟他分享的链接一样有趣，我分享的链接也不赖。只要我们有一个浏览器，不论你的财富几何，你都可以去到想浏览的页面。
theotherimportantthingisthatitcostsnothingtogetthatcontentonlinenow.therearesomanygreatpublishingtoolsthatareavailable,itonlytakesafewminutesofyourtimenowtoactuallyproducesomething.andthecostofiterationissocheapthatyoumightaswellgiveitago.
另外，从互联网获取内容不需要任何成本。如今，互联网有各种各样的发布工具，你只需要几分钟就可以成为内容的提供者。这种行为的成本非常低，你也可以试试。
andifyoudo,begenuineaboutit.behonest.beupfront.andoneofthegreatlessonsthatgreenpeaceactuallylearnedwasthatit'sokaytolosecontrol.thefinalmessagethatiwanttosharewithallofyou--thatyoucandowellonline.ifyouwanttosucceedyou'vegottobeokaytojustlosecontrol.thankyou.
如果你真的决定试试，那么请真挚、诚实、坦率地去做。“绿色和平”在这个故事中获得的教训是，有时候失控并不一定是坏事。最后我想告诉你们的是——你可以在网络上做得很好。如果你想在网络上成功，你得经得起一点失控。谢谢。
wheniwassevenyearsoldandmysisterwasjustfiveyearsold,wewereplayingontopofabunkbed.iwastwoyearsolderthanmysisteratthetime--imean,i'mtwoyearsolderthanhernow--butatthetimeitmeantshehadtodoeverythingthatiwantedtodo,andiwantedtoplaywar.sowewereupontopofourbunkbeds.andononesideofthebunkbed,ihadputoutallofmyg.i.joesoldiersandweaponry.andontheothersidewereallmysister'smylittleponiesreadyforacavalrycharge.
therearedifferingaccountsofwhatactuallyhappenedthatafternoon,butsincemysisterisnotherewithustoday,letmetellyouthetruestory--(laughter)--whichismysister'salittlebitontheclumsyside.somehow,withoutanyhelporpushfromherolderbrotheratall,suddenlyamydisappearedoffofthetopofthebunkbedandlandedwiththiscrashonthefloor.nowinervouslypeeredoverthesideofthebedtoseewhathadbefallenmyfallensisterandsawthatshehadlandedpainfullyonherhandsandkneesonallfoursontheground.
iwasnervousbecausemyparentshadchargedmewithmakingsurethatmysisterandiplayedassafelyandasquietlyaspossible.andseeingashowihadaccidentallybrokenamy'sarmjustoneweekbefore...(laughter)...heroicallypushingheroutofthewayofanoncomingimaginarysniperbullet,(laughter)forwhichihaveyettobethanked,iwastryingashardasicould--shedidn'tevenseeitcoming--iwastryingashardasicouldtobeonmybestbehavior.
andisawmysister'sface,thiswailofpainandsufferingandsurprisethreateningtoeruptfromhermouthandthreateningtowakemyparentsfromthelongwinter'snapforwhichtheyhadsettled.soididtheonlythingmylittlefranticsevenyear-oldbraincouldthinktodotoavertthistragedy.andifyouhavechildren,you'veseenthishundredsoftimesbefore.isaid,"amy,amy,wait.don'tcry.don'tcry.didyouseehowyoulanded?nohumanlandsonallfourslikethat.amy,ithinkthismeansyou'reaunicorn."
(laughter)
nowthatwascheating,becausetherewasnothingintheworldmysisterwouldwantmorethannottobeamythehurtfiveyear-oldlittlesister,butamythespecialunicorn.ofcourse,thiswasanoptionthatwasopentoherbrainatnopointinthepast.andyoucouldseehowmypoor,manipulatedsisterfacedconflict,asherlittlebrainattemptedtodevoteresourcestofeelingthepainandsufferingandsurpriseshejuste_perienced,orcontemplatinghernew-foundidentityasaunicorn.andthelatterwonout.insteadofcrying,insteadofceasingourplay,insteadofwakingmyparents,withallthenegativeconsequencesthatwouldhaveensuedforme,insteadasmilespreadacrossherfaceandshescrambledrightbackupontothebunkbedwithallthegraceofababyunicorn...(laughter)...withonebrokenleg.
whatwestumbledacrossatthistenderageofjustfiveandseven--wehadnoideaatthetime--wassomethingthatwasgoingbeatthevanguardofascientificrevolutionoccurringtwodecadeslaterinthewaythatwelookatthehumanbrain.whatwehadstumbledacrossissomethingcalledpositivepsychology,whichisthereasonthati'mheretodayandthereasonthatiwakeupeverymorning.
whenifirststartedtalkingaboutthisresearchoutsideofacademia,outwithcompaniesandschools,theveryfirstthingtheysaidtoneverdoistostartyourtalkwithagraph.theveryfirstthingiwanttodoisstartmytalkwithagraph.thisgraphlooksboring,butthisgraphisthereasonigete_citedandwakeupeverymorning.andthisgraphdoesn'tevenmeananything;it'sfakedata.whatwefoundis--
(laughter)
ifigotthisdatabackstudyingyouhereintheroom,iwouldbethrilled,becausethere'sveryclearlyatrendthat'sgoingonthere,andthatmeansthaticangetpublished,whichisallthatreallymatters.thefactthatthere'soneweirdreddotthat'supabovethecurve,there'soneweirdointheroom--iknowwhoyouare,isawyouearlier--that'snoproblem.that'snoproblem,asmostofyouknow,becauseicanjustdeletethatdot.icandeletethatdotbecausethat'sclearlyameasurementerror.andweknowthat'sameasurementerrorbecauseit'smessingupmydata.
sooneoftheveryfirstthingsweteachpeopleineconomicsandstatisticsandbusinessandpsychologycoursesishow,inastatisticallyvalidway,doweeliminatetheweirdos.howdoweeliminatetheoutlierssowecanfindthelineofbestfit?whichisfantasticifi'mtryingtofindouthowmanyadviltheaveragepersonshouldbetaking--two.butifi'minterestedinpotential,ifi'minterestedinyourpotential,orforhappinessorproductivityorenergyorcreativity,whatwe'redoingiswe'recreatingthecultoftheaveragewithscience.
ifiaskedaquestionlike,"howfastcanachildlearnhowtoreadinaclassroom?"scientistschangetheanswerto"howfastdoestheaveragechildlearnhowtoreadinthatclassroom?"andthenwetailortheclassrighttowardstheaverage.nowifyoufallbelowtheaverageonthiscurve,thenpsychologistsgetthrilled,becausethatmeansyou'reeitherdepressedoryouhaveadisorder,orhopefullyboth.we'rehopingforbothbecauseourbusinessmodelis,ifyoucomeintoatherapysessionwithoneproblem,wewanttomakesureyouleaveknowingyouhave10,soyoukeepcomingbackoverandoveragain.we'llgobackintoyourchildhoodifnecessary,buteventuallywhatwewanttodoismakeyounormalagain.butnormalismerelyaverage.
andwhatipositandwhatpositivepsychologypositsisthatifwestudywhatismerelyaverage,wewillremainmerelyaverage.theninsteadofdeletingthosepositiveoutliers,whatiintentionallydoiscomeintoapopulationlikethisoneandsay,why?whyisitthatsomeofyouaresohighabovethecurveintermsofyourintellectualability,athleticability,musicalability,creativity,energylevels,yourresiliencyinthefaceofchallenge,yoursenseofhumor?whateveritis,insteadofdeletingyou,whatiwanttodoisstudyyou.becausemaybewecangleaninformation--notjusthowtomovepeopleuptotheaverage,buthowwecanmovetheentireaverageupinourcompaniesandschoolsworldwide.
thereasonthisgraphisimportanttomeis,wheniturnonthenews,itseemslikethemajorityoftheinformationisnotpositive,infactit'snegative.mostofit'saboutmurder,corruption,diseases,naturalveryquickly,mybrainstartstothinkthat'stheaccurateratioofnegativetopositiveintheworld.whatthat'sdoingiscreatingsomethingcalledthemedicalschoolsyndrome--which,ifyouknowpeoplewho'vebeentomedicalschool,duringthefirstyearofmedicaltraining,asyoureadthroughalistofallthesymptomsanddiseasesthatcouldhappen,suddenlyyourealizeyouhaveallofthem.
ihaveabrotherin-lawnamedbobo--whichisawholeotherstory.bobomarriedamytheunicorn.bobocalledmeonthephonefromyalemedicalschool,andbobosaid,"shawn,ihaveleprosy."(laughter)which,evenatyale,ise_traordinarilyrare.butihadnoideahowtoconsolepoorbobobecausehehadjustgottenoveranentireweekofmenopause.
(laughter)
seewhatwe'refindingisit'snotnecessarilytherealitythatshapesus,butthelensthroughwhichyourbrainviewstheworldthatshapesyourifwecanchangethelens,notonlycanwechangeyourhappiness,wecanchangeeverysingleeducationalandbusinessoutcomeatthesametime.
wheniappliedtoharvard,iappliedonadare.ididn'te_pecttogetin,andmyfamilyhadnomoneyforcollege.whenigotamilitaryscholarshiptwoweekslater,theyallowedmetogo.suddenly,somethingthatwasn'tevenapossibilitybecameareality.wheniwentthere,iassumedeveryoneelsewouldseeitasaprivilegeaswell,thatthey'dbee_citedtobethere.evenifyou'reinaclassroomfullofpeoplesmarterthanyou,you'dbehappyjusttobeinthatclassroom,whichiswhatifelt.butwhatifoundthereis,whilesomepeoplee_periencethat,whenigraduatedaftermyfouryearsandthenspentthene_teightyearslivinginthedormswiththestudents--harvardaskedmeto;iwasn'tthatguy.(laughter)iwasanofficerofharvardtocounselstudentsthroughthedifficultfouryears.andwhatifoundinmyresearchandmyteachingisthatthesestudents,nomatterhowhappytheywerewiththeiroriginalsuccessofgettingintotheschool,twoweekslatertheirbrainswerefocused,notontheprivilegeofbeingthere,norontheirphilosophyortheirphysics.theirbrainwasfocusedonthecompetition,theworkload,thehassles,thestresses,thecomplaints.
whenifirstwentinthere,iwalkedintothefreshmendininghall,whichiswheremyfriendsfromwaco,te_as,whichiswhereigrewup--iknowsomeofyouhaveheardofit.whenthey'dcometovisitme,they'dlookaround,they'dsay,"thisfreshmandininghalllookslikesomethingoutofhogwart'sfromthemovie"harrypotter,"whichitdoes.thisishogwart'sfromthemovie"harrypotter"andthat'sharvard.andwhentheyseethis,theysay,"shawn,whydoyouwasteyourtimestudyinghappinessatharvard?seriously,whatdoesaharvardstudentpossiblyhavetobeunhappyabout?"
embeddedwithinthatquestionisthekeytounderstandingthescienceofhappiness.becausewhatthatquestionassumesisthatoure_ternalworldispredictiveofourhappinesslevels,wheninreality,ifiknoweverythingaboutyoure_ternalworld,icanonlypredict10percentofyourlong-termhappiness.90percentofyourlong-termhappinessispredictednotbythee_ternalworld,butbythewayyourbrainprocessestheworld.andifwechangeit,ifwechangeourformulaforhappinessandsuccess,whatwecandoischangethewaythatwecanthenaffectreality.whatwefoundisthatonly25percentofjobsuccessesarepredictedbyi.q.75percentofjobsuccessesarepredictedbyyouroptimismlevels,yoursocialsupportandyourabilitytoseestressasachallengeinsteadofasathreat.
italkedtoaboardingschoolupinnewengland,probablythemostprestigiousboardingschool,andtheysaid,"wealreadyknowthat.soeveryyear,insteadofjustteachingourstudents,wealsohaveawellnessweek.andwe'resoe_cited.mondaynightwehavetheworld'sleadinge_pertcomingintospeakaboutadolescentdepression.tuesdaynightit'sschoolviolenceandbullying.wednesdaynightiseatingdisorders.thursdaynightiselicitdruguse.andfridaynightwe'retryingtodecidebetweenriskyse_orhappiness."(laughter)isaid,"that'smostpeople'sfridaynights."(laughter)(applause)whichi'mgladyouliked,buttheydidnotlikethatatall.silenceonthephone.andintothesilence,isaid,"i'dbehappytospeakatyourschool,butjustsoyouknow,that'snotawellnessweek,that'sasicknessweek.whatyou'vedoneisyou'veoutlinedallthenegativethingsthatcanhappen,butnottalkedaboutthepositive."
theabsenceofdiseaseisnothealth.here'showwegettohealth:weneedtoreversetheformulaforhappinessandsuccess.inthelastthreeyears,i'vetraveledto45differentcountries,workingwithschoolsandcompaniesinthemidstofaneconomicdownturn.andwhatifoundisthatmostcompaniesandschoolsfollowaformulaforsuccess,whichisthis:ifiworkharder,i'llbemoresuccessful.andifi'mmoresuccessful,theni'llbehappier.thatundergirdsmostofourparentingstyles,ourmanagingstyles,thewaythatwemotivateourbehavior.
andtheproblemisit'sscientificallybrokenandbackwardsfortworeasons.first,everytimeyourbrainhasasuccess,youjustchangedthegoalpostofwhatsuccesslookedlike.yougotgoodgrades,nowyouhavetogetbettergrades,yougotintoagoodschoolandafteryougetintoabetterschool,yougotagoodjob,nowyouhavetogetabetterjob,youhityoursalestarget,we'regoingtochangeyoursalestarget.andifhappinessisontheoppositesideofsuccess,yourbrainnevergetsthere.whatwe'vedoneiswe'vepushedhappinessoverthecognitivehorizonasasociety.andthat'sbecausewethinkwehavetobesuccessful,thenwe'llbehappier.
buttherealproblemisourbrainsworkintheoppositeorder.ifyoucanraisesomebody'slevelofpositivityinthepresent,thentheirbraine_perienceswhatwenowcallahappinessadvantage,whichisyourbrainatpositiveperformssignificantlybetterthanitdoesatnegative,neutralorstressed.yourintelligencerises,yourcreativityrises,yourenergylevelsrise.infact,whatwe'vefoundisthateverysinglebusinessoutcomebrainatpositiveis31percentmoreproductivethanyourbrainatnegative,neutralorstressed.you're37percentbetteratsales.doctorsare19percentfaster,moreaccurateatcomingupwiththecorrectdiagnosiswhenpositiveinsteadofnegative,neutralorstressed.whichmeanswecanreversetheformula.ifwecanfindawayofbecomingpositiveinthepresent,thenourbrainsworkevenmoresuccessfullyaswe'reabletoworkharder,fasterandmoreintelligently.
whatweneedtobeabletodoistoreversethisformulasowecanstarttoseewhatourbrainsareactuallycapableof.becausedopamine,whichfloodsintoyoursystemwhenyou'repositive,hastwofunctions.notonlydoesitmakeyouhappier,itturnsonallofthelearningcentersinyourbrainallowingyoutoadapttotheworldinadifferentway.
we'vefoundthattherearewaysthatyoucantrainyourbraintobeabletobecomemorepositive.injustatwo-minutespanoftimedonefor21daysinarow,wecanactuallyrewireyourbrain,allowingyourbraintoactuallyworkmoreoptimisticallyandmoresuccessfully.we'vedonethesethingsinresearchnowineverysinglecompanythati'veworkedwith,gettingthemtowritedownthreenewthingsthatthey'regratefulforfor21daysinarow,threenewthingseachday.andattheendofthat,theirbrainstartstoretainapatternofscanningtheworld,notforthenegative,butforthepositivefirst.
journalingaboutonepositivee_perienceyou'vehadoverthepast24hoursallowsyourbraintoreliveit.e_erciseteachesyourbrainthatyourbehaviormatters.wefindthatmeditationallowsyourbraintogetovertheculturaladhdthatwe'vebeencreatingbytryingtodomultipletasksatonceandallowsourbrainstofocusonthetaskathand.andfinally,randomactsofkindnessareconsciousactsofkindness.wegetpeople,whentheyopenuptheirinbo_,towriteonepositiveemailpraisingorthankingsomebodyintheirsocialsupportnetwork.
andbydoingtheseactivitiesandbytrainingyourbrainjustlikewetrainourbodies,whatwe'vefoundiswecanreversetheformulaforhappinessandsuccess,andindoingso,notonlycreateripplesofpositivity,butcreatearealrevolution.
thankyouverymuch.
(applause)
igrewupdiagnosedasphobicallyshy,
我从小就有社交恐惧症
andlikeatleast20otherpeopleinaroomofthissize,
这样的空间大约20人
iwasastutterer.
就能让以前的我结巴语塞
doyoudareraiseyourhand?
更别提举手了根本不可能
anditstickswithus.
这种困扰如影随形
itreallydoesstickwithus,
你走到哪它就跟到哪
becausewhenwearetreatedthatway,
当大家对你的存在视若无睹
wefeelinvisiblesometimes,
你会开始感觉自己是隐形人
ortalkedaroundandat.
而别人都在你背后窃窃私语
andasistartedtolookatpeople,
后来我仔细去观察周遭的人
whichismostlyallidid,
一直以来我都只敢默默观察
inoticedthatsomepeoplereallywantedattention
然后发现有些人无法忍受被忽视
andrecognition.
他们要得到大家的注意力和认同
remember,iwasyoungthen.
当时我年轻、懵懂
sowhatdidtheydo?whatwestilldoperhapstoooften?
渴望注意力的人会做什么？也许现在太多人在做一样的事而不自知
wetalkaboutourselves.
他们谈论的常常都是自己
andyetthereareotherpeopleiobservedwhohadwhaticalledamutualitymindset.
但另一批人就不同了我说他们的人际关系往往有一种“互相”的心态
ineachsituation,theyfoundawaytotalkaboutusandcreatethat“us”idea.
无论什么场合他们的谈话里都会出现“我们”这个概念
somyideatoreimaginetheworldistoseeitonewhereweallbecomegreateropportunity-makerswithandforothers.
在我心目中的理想世界每个人都能为自己和别人创造机会
there’snogreateropportunityorcallforactionforusnow
就是现在我们必须把握良机、采取行动
thantobecomeopportunity-makerswhousebesttalentstogethermoreoftenforthegreatergood
多去整合各种才能尽可能的利益他人
andaccomplishthingswecouldn’thavedoneonourown.
一人做不到的多人或许有办法
andiwanttotalktoyouaboutthat,
这就是我今天的重点
causeevenmorethangiving,
比单纯给予
evenmorethangiving,
施舍、捐赠更有影响力的
isthecapacityforustodosomethingsmartertogether
就是人们学会集思广益
forthegreatergoodthatliftsusbothup
共同合作创造双赢局面
andthatcanscale.
其中的利益会一层层积累
that’swhyi’msittinghere.
这是我今天演讲的重点
butialsowanttopointsomethingelseout.
不过我还想说一件事
eachoneofyouisbetterthananybodyelseatsomething.
台下的你必定在某些事上比其他人都拿手
thatdisprovesthatpopularnotionthatifyou’rethesmartestpersonintheroom,
和那句名言“你绝不是这里最厉害的人”
you’reinthewrongroom.
恰恰相反
soletmetellyouaboutahollywoodpartyiwenttoacoupleyearsback,
我在几年前的一个好莱坞聚会上
andimetthisup-and-comingactress,
遇见了位有潜力的女演员
andweweresoontalkingaboutsomethingthatwebothfeltpassionatelyabout,
我们很快就找到共同话题-
publicart.
公共艺术
andshehadtheferventbeliefthateverynewbuildinginlosangeles
她坚信洛杉矶的每栋建筑里
shouldhavepublicartinit.shewantedaregulationforit,
都应该有公共艺术她想要一套专属公共艺术的规范
andsheferventlystarted,
所以她兴忡忡的着手进行
whatisherefromchicago?
这里有谁是芝加哥人吗？
sheferventlystartedtalkingaboutthesebean-shapedreflectivesculpturesinmillenniumpark,
她滔滔不绝的说着千禧公园里的云门雕塑
andpeoplewouldwalkuptoit
人们好奇的上前一探究竟
andthey’dsmileinthereflectionofit,
看着自己的映像微笑
andthey’dposeandthey’dvampandthey’dtakeselfiestogether
摆pose、赞叹、自拍留念
andthey’dlaugh.
然后笑成一团
andasshewastalking,athoughtcametomymind.
听着听着我突然灵光乍现
isaid,“iknowsomeoneyououghttomeet.
我告诉她：“妳应该见见这个人
he’sgettingoutofsanquentininacoupleofweeks
再几周他就要从圣昆丁州立监狱出来了
andhesharesyourferventdesirethatartshouldengageandenablepeopletoconnect.”
他跟妳一样觉得艺术应该让人有共鸣、激发想像力”
hespentfiveyearsinsolitary,
他被单独监禁了五年
andimethimbecauseigaveaspeechatsanquentin,
我因为在圣昆丁演讲而与他结识
andhe’sarticulate
他口条不错
andhe’srathereasyontheeyes
长的也不赖
becausehe’sbuff.hehadworkoutregimehedideveryday.
因为他是条热爱健身的汉子
ithinkshewasfollowingmeatthatpoint.
女演员大概还满有兴趣的
isaid,“he’dbeanune_pectedally.”
我又说：“他会是个得力助手”
andnotjustthat.there’sjames.he’sanarchitect
除了他之外我把詹姆也拉进来詹姆是建筑师
andhe’saprofessor,
也是个教授
andhelovesplace-making,andplace-makingiswhenyouhavethosemini-plazas
他对地方营造很有兴趣外头的小广场、
andthoseurbanwalkways
城市人行道
andwherethey’redottedwithart,
任何有艺术点缀的地方都属于地方营造的范畴
wherepeopledrawandcomeupandtalksometimes.
许多人会在那儿画画、闲聊
ithinkthey’dmakegoodallies.
我想他们一定能合作无间
andindeedtheywere.
果真没错
theymettogether.theyprepared.
他们碰面之后就开始筹备
theyspokeinfrontofthelostangelescitycouncil.
到洛杉矶市政府传达诉求
andthecouncilmembersnotonlypassedtheregulation,
结果市议员通过了他们订的条例
halfofthemcamedownandaskedtoposewiththemafterwards.
之后甚至半数议员还去与艺术品合影
theywerestartling,compellingandcredible.
他们给人的印象是震慑、具说服力、可靠
youcan’tbuythat.
全都是用钱买不到的
whati’maskingyoutoconsideriswhatkindofopportunity-makerswemightbecome,
希望各位想想自己能成为哪种机会制造者
becausemorethanwealth
比财富、
orfancytitles
头衔、
oralotofcontacts,
人脉更可观的
it’sourcapacitytoconnectaroundeachother’sbettersideandbringitout.
是我们发掘他人优点的能力
andi’mnotsayingthisiseasy,
这一点都不容易
andi’msuremanyofyouhavemadethewrongmovestooaboutwhoyouwantedtoconnectwith,
相信许多人都有找错对象、牵错线的经验
butwhatiwanttosuggestis,thisisanopportunity.
但毕竟都是个“机会”
istartedthinkingaboutitwaybackwheniwasawallstreetjournalreporterandiwasineurope
这个领悟要从好几年前说起当时我在欧洲担任华尔街日报记者
andiwassupposedtocovertrendsandtrendsthattranscendedbusinessorpoliticsorlifestyle.
采访内容为时尚与流行跨越商业、政治、生活型态隔阂的流行
soihadtohavecontactsindifferentworldsverydifferentthanmine,
因此得和背景截然不同的人打交道
becauseotherwiseyoucouldn’tspotthetrends.
否则就无法掌握潮流走向
andthird,ihadtowriteastoryinawaysteppingintothereader’sshoes,
写故事时还得设身处地为读者想
theycouldseehowthesetrendscouldaffecttheirlives.
要让他们觉得自己和这些潮流息息相关
that’swhatopportunity-makersdo.
这就是机会制造者的任务
andhere’sastrangething:
奇怪之处在于
unlikeanincreasingnumberofamericanswhoareworkingandlivingandplayingwithpeoplewhothinke_actlylikethem
越来越多人工作、生活、娱乐都喜欢寻找与自己相似的人
becausewethenbecomemorerigidande_treme,
久而久之就变得挑剔、极端起来
opportunity-makersareactivelyseekingsituationswithpeopleunlikethem,
机会制造者寻找与自己不相似的人
andthey’rebuildingrelationships,
和他们建立关系
andbecausetheydothat,
这样做的话
theyhavetrustedrelationshipswheretheycanbringtherightteamin
两方之间就有互信能在适当的时机介绍彼此适当的人
andrecruitthemtosolveaproblembetterandfasterandseizemoreopportunities.
用更快、更好的方法解决问题同时也抓住了更多机会
they’renotaffrontedbydifferences.
机会创造者不会被歧异冒犯
they’refascinatedbythem,
反而深受吸引
andthatisahugeshiftinmindset,
这是心态上的极端不同
andonceyoufeelit,youwantittohappenalotmore.
你一旦意识到就会为它的魅力着迷
thisworldiscallingoutforustohaveacollectivemindset,
和别人形成“共同体”才是王道
andibelieveindoingthat.
我个人深信
it’sespeciallyimportantnow.
携手合作在这世代特别重要
whyisitimportantnow?
为什么呢？
becausethingscanbedevisedlikedrones
机器小帮手
anddrugsanddatacollection,
药物开发、数据收集
andtheycanbedevisedbymorepeople.
都可以让更多人参与其中
andcheaperwaysforbeneficialpurposes
用更经济的方式创造收益
andthen,asweknowfromthenewseveryday,theycanbeusedfordangerousones.
只是水能载舟亦能复舟也可能被有心人士利用
itcallsonus,eachofus,toahighercalling.
这个理念非常需要大家的重视
buthere’stheicingonthecake:
成为机会制造者是一箭双雕
it’snotjustthefirstopportunitythatyoudowithsomebodyelsethat’sprobablyyourgreatest,
除了获得和更高竿对象合作的机会
asaninstitutionoraninpidual.
无论对于机构或个人来说
it’safteryou’vehadthate_perienceandyoutrusteachother.
都是开启了这扇门建立信任后
it’stheune_pectedthingsthatyoudeviselateronyounevercouldhavepredicted.
团队合作带来的惊人成果
fore_ample,martyisthehusbandofthatactressimentioned,
麦迪是那位女演员的丈夫
andhewatchedthemwhentheywerepracticing,
詹姆等三人排练时他就在旁边看
andhewassoontalkingtowally,myfriendthee_-con,
并很快和韦利聊开了就是刚出狱的那位
aboutthate_erciseregime.
大概在聊健身吧？
andhethought,ihaveasetofracquetballcourts.
麦迪心想：“我有个壁球馆
thatguycouldteachit.alotofpeoplewhoworktherearemembersatmycourts.
韦利可以来当教练很多教练都是体育馆的会员
they’refrequenttravelers.
他们很常来我这边
theycouldpracticeintheirhotelroom,noequipmentprovided.
旅馆房间里没有设备也照样能练习”
that’showwallygothired.
韦利就这样得到了板球教练的工作
notonlythat,yearslaterhewasalsoteachingracquetball.
几年后他也开始教壁球学生
yearsafterthat,hewasteachingtheracquetballteachers.
再过了几年则是教壁球老师
whati’msuggestingis,whenyouconnectwithpeople
我想说的是当你把周遭有相同兴趣、
aroundasharedinterestandaction,
喜好的人圈在一块
you’reaccustomedtoserendipitousthingshappeningintothefuture,
就会逐渐适应随之而来、意想不到的收获
andithinkthat’swhatwe’relookingat.
我想这才是至关重要
weopenourselvesuptothoseopportunities,
面对机会我们敞开心胸
andinthisroomarekeyplayersandtechnology,
关键推手-这里的你们再加上科技
keyplayerswhoareuniquelypositionedtodothis,
每个人各司其职有自己的位置
toscalesystemsandprojectstogether.
提升制度和计划的整体价值
sohere’swhati’mcallingforyoutodo.rememberthethreetraitsofopportunity-makers.
我想拜讬大家的就是记得机会制造者的三项特质
opportunity-makerskeephoningtheirtopstrength
一、机会制造者不断磨练自己专长
andtheybecomepatternseekers.
开拓事物运作的新方式
theygetinvolvedindifferentworldsthantheirworlds
二、他们乐于接触不同人的世界
sothey’retrustedandtheycanseethosepatterns,
获取信任学习各种合作方式
andtheycommunicatetoconnectaroundsweetspotsofsharedinterest.
三、他们周旋于各方之间让参与的人都分一杯羹
sowhati’maskingyouis,theworldishungry.
我想说的是人与人之间太缺乏连结
itrulybelieve,inmyfirsthande_perience,
根据亲身经验我相信
theworldishungryforustounitetogetherasopportunity-makers
这世界很需要机会制造者
andtoemulatethosebehaviorsassomanyofyoualreadydo,iknowthatfirsthand,
可能台下的你已经是其中之一大家都应该效仿机会制造者
andtoreimagineaworldwhereweuseourbesttalentstogether
重塑我们的世界融合各领域人才
moreoftentoaccomplishgreaterthingtogetherthanwecouldonourown.
一人不能做的事借由合作来完成
justremember,
请把这句话放在心上
asdavelinigeroncesaid,
大卫˙林杰说过
“youcan’tsucceedcomingtothepotluckwithonlyafork.”
“只带一只叉子就来百乐餐的人永远无法成功”(注：后衍伸为商业成长需要集体合作、贡献)
thankyouverymuch.
谢谢大家
thankyou.
谢谢。
简介：残奥会短跑冠军aimeemullins天生没有腓骨，从小就要学习靠义肢走路和奔跑。如今，她不仅是短跑选手、演员、模特，还是一位稳健的演讲者。她不喜欢字典中“disabled”这个词，因为负面词汇足以毁掉一个人。但是，坦然面对不幸，你会发现等待你的是更多的机会。
i'dliketosharewithyouadiscoverythatimadeafewmonthsagowhilewritinganarticleforitalianwired.ialwayskeepmythesaurushandywheneveri'mwritinganything,buti'dalreadyfinishededitingthepiece,andirealizedthatihadneveronceinmylifelookeduptheword"disabled"toseewhati'dfind.
letmereadyoutheentry."disabled,adjective:crippled,helpless,useless,wrecked,stalled,maimed,wounded,mangled,lame,mutilated,run-down,worn-out,weakened,impotent,castrated,paralyzed,handicapped,senile,decrepit,laid-up,done-up,done-for,done-incracked-up,counted-out;seealsohurt,uselessandweak.antonyms,healthy,strong,capable."iwasreadingthislistoutloudtoafriendandatfirstwaslaughing,itwassol〔paomian.net〕udicrous,buti'djustgottenpast"mangled,"andmyvoicebroke,andihadtostopandcollectmyselffromtheemotionalshockandimpactthattheassaultfromthesewordsunleashed.
youknow,ofcourse,thisismyraggedyoldthesaurussoi'mthinkingthismustbeanancientprintdate,right?but,infact,theprintdatewastheearly1980s,wheniwouldhavebeenstartingprimaryschoolandforminganunderstandingofmyselfoutsidethefamilyunitandasrelatedtotheotherkidsandtheworldaroundme.and,needlesstosay,thankgodiwasn'tusingathesaurusbackthen.imean,fromthisentry,itwouldseemthatiwasbornintoaworldthatperceivedsomeonelikemetohavenothingpositivewhatsoevergoingforthem,wheninfact,todayi'mcelebratedfortheopportunitiesandadventuresmylifehasprocured.
so,iimmediatelywenttolookupthe__onlineedition,e_pectingtofindarevisionworthnoting.here'stheupdatedversionofthisunately,it'snotmuchbetter.ifindthelasttwowordsunder"nearantonyms,"particularlyunsettling:"whole"and"wholesome."
so,it'snotjustaboutthewords.it'swhatwebelieveaboutpeoplewhenwenamethemwiththesewords.it'saboutthevaluesbehindthewords,andhowweconstructthosevalues.ourlanguageaffectsourthinkingandhowweviewtheworldandhowweviewotherpeople.infact,manyancientsocieties,includingthegreeksandtheromans,believedthattoutteracurseverballywassopowerful,becausetosaythethingoutloudbroughtitintoe_istence.so,whatrealitydowewanttocallintoe_istence:apersonwhoislimited,orapersonwho'sempowered?bycasuallydoingsomethingassimpleasnamingaperson,achild,wemightbeputtinglidsandcastingshadowsontheirpower.wouldn'twewanttoopendoorsfortheminstead?
onesuchpersonwhoopeneddoorsformewasmychildhooddoctorattheinstituteinwilmington,delaware.hisnamewasdr.pizzutillo,anitalianamerican,whosename,apparently,wastoodifficultformostamericanstopronounce,sohewentbydr.p.anddr.palwaysworereallycolorfulbowtiesandhadtheveryperfectdispositiontoworkwithchildren.
ilovedalmosteverythingaboutmytimespentatthishospital,withthee_ceptionofmyphysicaltherapysessions.ihadtodowhatseemedlikeinnumerablerepetitionsofe_erciseswiththesethick,elasticbands--differentcolors,youknow--tohelpbuildupmylegmuscles,andihatedthesebandsmorethananything--ihatedthem,hadnamesforthem.ihatedthem.and,youknow,iwasalreadybargaining,asafiveyear-oldchild,withdr.ptotrytogetoutofdoingthesee_ercises,unsuccessfully,ofcourse.and,oneday,hecameintomysession--e_haustiveandunforgiving,thesesessions--andhesaidtome,"wow.aimee,youaresuchastrongandpowerfullittlegirl,ithinkyou'regoingtobreakoneofthosebands.whenyoudobreakit,i'mgoingtogiveyouahundredbucks."
now,ofcourse,thiswasasimpleployondr.p'sparttogetmetodothee_ercisesididn'twanttodobeforetheprospectofbeingtherichestfive-year-oldinthesecondfloorward,butwhatheeffectivelydidformewasreshapeanawfuldailyoccurrenceintoanewandpromisinge_perienceforihavetowondertodaytowhate_tenthisvisionandhisdeclarationofmeasastrongandpowerfullittlegirlshapedmyownviewofmyselfasaninherentlystrong,powerfulandathleticpersonwellintothefuture.
thisisane_ampleofhowadultsinpositionsofpowercanignitethepowerofachild.but,inthepreviousinstancesofthosethesaurusentries,ourlanguageisn'tallowingustoevolveintotherealitythatwewouldallwant,thepossibilityofaninpidualtoseethemselvesascapable.ourlanguagehasn'tcaughtupwiththechangesinoursociety,manyofwhichhavebeenbroughtaboutbytechnology.certainly,fromamedicalstandpoint,mylegs,lasersurgeryforvisionimpairment,titaniumkneesandhipreplacementsforagingbodiesthatareallowingpeopletomorefullyengagewiththeirabilities,andmovebeyondthelimitsthatnaturehasimposedonthem--nottomentionsocialnetworkingplatformsallowpeopletoself-identify,toclaimtheirowndescriptionsofthemselves,sotheycangoalignwithglobalgroupsoftheirownchoosing.so,perhapstechnologyisrevealingmoreclearlytousnowwhathasalwaysbeenatruth:thateveryonehassomethingrareandpowerfultoofferoursociety,andthatthehumanabilitytoadaptisourgreatestasset.
thehumanabilitytoadapt,it'saninterestingthing,becausepeoplehavecontinuallywantedtotalktomeaboutovercomingadversity,andi'mgoingtomakeanadmission:thisphraseneversatrightwithme,andialwaysfeltuneasytryingtoanswerpeople'squestionsaboutit,andithinki'mstartingtofigureoutwhy.implicitinthisphraseof"overcomingadversity"istheideathatsuccess,orhappiness,isaboutemergingontheothersideofachallenginge_perienceunscathedorunmarkedbythee_perience,asifmysuccessesinlifehavecomeaboutfromanabilitytosidesteporcircumnavigatethepresumedpitfallsofalifewithprosthetics,orwhatotherpeopleperceiveasmydisability.but,infact,wearechanged.wearemarked,ofcourse,byachallenge,whetherphysically,emotionallyorboth.andi'mgoingtosuggestthatthisisagoodthing.adversityisn'tanobstaclethatweneedtogetaroundinordertoresumelivingourlife.it'spartofourlife.anditendtothinkofitlikemyshadow.sometimesiseealotofit,sometimesthere'sverylittle,butit'salwayswithme.and,certainly,i'mnottryingtodiminishtheimpact,theweight,ofaperson'sstruggle.
thereisadversityandchallengeinlife,andit'sallveryrealandrelativetoeverysingleperson,butthequestionisn'twhetherornotyou'regoingtomeetadversity,buthowyou'regoingtomeetit.so,ourresponsibilityisnotsimplyshieldingthosewecareforfromadversity,butpreparingthemtomeetitwell.andwedoadisservicetoourkidswhenwemakethemfeelthatthey'renotequippedtoadapt.there'sanimportantdifferenceanddistinctionbetweentheobjectivemedicalfactofmybeinganamputeeandthesubjectivesocietalopinionofwhetherornoti'mdisabled.and,truthfully,theonlyrealandconsistentdisabilityi'vehadtoconfrontistheworldeverthinkingthaticouldbedescribedbythosedefinitions.
inourdesiretoprotectthosewecareaboutbygivingthemthecold,hardtruthabouttheirmedicalprognosis,or,indeed,aprognosisonthee_pectedqualityoftheirlife,wehavetomakesurethatwedon'tputthefirstbrickinawallthatwillactuallydisablesomeone.perhapsthee_istingmodelofonlylookingatwhatisbrokeninyouandhowdowefi_it,servestobemoredisablingtotheinpidualthanthepathologyitself.
bynottreatingthewholenessofaperson,bynotacknowledgingtheirpotency,wearecreatinganotherillontopofwhatevernaturalstruggletheymighthave.weareeffectivelygradingsomeone'sworthtoourcommunity.soweneedtoseethroughthepathologyandintotherangeofhumancapability.and,mostimportantly,there'sapartnershipbetweenthoseperceiveddeficienciesandourgreatestcreativeability.soit'snotaboutdevaluing,ornegating,thesemoretryingtimesassomethingwewanttoavoidorsweepundertherug,butinsteadtofindthoseopportunitieswrappedintheadversity.somaybetheideaiwanttoputoutthereisnotsomuchovercomingadversityasitisopeningourselvesuptoit,embracingit,grapplingwithit,touseawrestlingterm,maybeevendancingwithit.and,perhaps,ifweseeadversityasnatural,consistentanduseful,we'relessburdenedbythepresenceofit.
thisyearwecelebratethe200thbirthdayofcharlesdarwin,anditwas150yearsago,whenwritingaboutevolution,thatdarwinillustrated,ithink,atruthaboutthehumancharacter.toparaphrase:it'snotthestrongestofthespeciesthatsurvives,norisitthemostintelligentthatsurvives;itistheonethatismostadaptabletochange.conflictisthegenesisofcreation.fromdarwin'swork,amongstothers,wecanrecognizethatthehumanabilitytosurviveandflourishisdrivenbythestruggleofthehumanspiritthroughconflictintotransformation.so,again,transformation,adaptation,isourgreatesthumanskill.and,perhaps,untilwe'retested,wedon'tknowwhatwe'remadeof.maybethat'swhatadversitygivesus:asenseofself,asenseofourownpower.so,wecangiveourselvesagift.wecanre-imagineadversityassomethingmorethanjusttoughtimes.maybewecanseeitaschange.adversityisjustchangethatwehaven'tadaptedourselvestoyet.
ithinkthegreatestadversitythatwe'vecreatedforourselvesisthisideaofnormalcy.now,who'snormal?there'snonormal.there'scommon,there'stypical.there'snonormal,andwouldyouwanttomeetthatpoor,beigepersoniftheye_isted?(laughter)idon'tthinkso.ifwecanchangethisparadigmfromoneofachievingnormalcytooneofpossibility--orpotency,tobeevenalittlebitmoredangerous--wecanreleasethepowerofsomanymorechildren,andinvitethemtoengagetheirrareandvaluableabilitieswiththecommunity.
anthropologiststellusthattheonethingweashumanshavealwaysrequiredofourcommunitymembersistobeofuse,tobeableto'sevidencethatneanderthals,60,000yearsago,carriedtheirelderlyandthosewithseriousphysicalinjury,andperhapsit'sbecausethelifee_perienceofsurvivalofthesepeopleprovedofvaluetothecommunity.theydidn'tviewthesepeopleasbrokenanduseless;theywereseenasrareandvaluable.
afewyearsago,iwasinafoodmarketinthetownwhereigrewupinthatredzoneinnortheasternpennsylvania,andiwasstandingoverabusheloftomatoes.itwassummertime:ihadshortson.ihearthisguy,hisvoicebehindmesay,"well,ifitisn'taimeemullins."anditurnaround,andit'sthisolderman.ihavenoideawhoheis.
andisaid,"i'msorry,sir,havewemet?idon'tremembermeetingyou."
hesaid,"well,youwouldn'tremembermeetingme.imean,whenwemetiwasdeliveringyoufromyourmother'swomb."(laughter)oh,thatguy.and,butofcourse,actually,itdidclick.
thismanwasdr.kean,amanthatihadonlyknownaboutthroughmymother'sstoriesofthatday,because,ofcourse,typicalfashion,iarrivedlateformybirthdaybytwoweeks.andsomymother'sprenatalphysicianhadgoneonvacation,sothemanwhodeliveredmewasacompletestrangertomyparents.and,becauseiwasbornwithoutthefibulabones,andhadfeetturnedin,andafewtoesinthisfootandafewtoesinthat,hehadtobethebearer--thisstrangerhadtobethebearerofbadnews.
hesaidtome,"ihadtogivethisprognosistoyourparentsthatyouwouldneverwalk,andyouwouldneverhavethekindofmobilitythatotherkidshaveoranykindoflifeofindependence,andyou'vebeenmakingliaroutofmeeversince."(laughter)(applause)
thee_traordinarythingisthathesaidhehadsavednewspaperclippingsthroughoutmywholechildhood,whetherwinningasecondgradespellingbee,marchingwiththegirlscouts,youknow,thehalloweenparade,winningmycollegescholarship,oranyofmysportsvictories,andhewasusingit,andintegratingitintoteachingresidentstudents,medstudentsfromhahnemannmedicalschoolandhersheymedicalschool.andhecalledthispartofthecoursethe_factor,thepotentialofthehumanwill.noprognosiscanaccountforhowpowerfulthiscouldbeasadeterminantinthequalityofsomeone'slife.anddr.keanwentontotellme,hesaid,"inmye_perience,unlessrepeatedlytoldotherwise,andevenifgivenamodicumofsupport,iflefttotheirowndevices,achildwillachieve."
see,dr.keanmadethatshiftinthinking.heunderstoodthatthere'sadifferencebetweenthemedicalconditionandwhatsomeonemightdowithit.andthere'sbeenashiftinmythinkingovertime,inthat,ifyouhadaskedmeat15yearsold,ifiwouldhavetradedprostheticsforflesh-and-bonelegs,iwouldn'thavehesitatedforasecond.iaspiredtothatkindofnormalcybackthen.butifyouaskmetoday,i'mnotsosure.andit'sbecauseofthee_periencesi'vehadwiththem,notinspiteofthee_periencesi'vehadwiththem.andperhapsthisshiftinmehashappenedbecausei'vebeene_posedtomorepeoplewhohaveopeneddoorsformethanthosewhohaveputlidsandcastshadowsonme.
see,allyoureallyneedisonepersontoshowyoutheepiphanyofyourownpower,andyou'reoff.ifyoucanhandsomebodythekeytotheirownpower--thehumanspiritissoreceptive--ifyoucandothatandopenadoorforsomeoneatacrucialmoment,youareeducatingtheminthebestsense.you'reteachingthemtoopendoorsforthemselves.infact,thee_actmeaningoftheword"educate"comesfromtherootword"educe."itmeans"tobringforthwhatiswithin,tobringoutpotential."soagain,whichpotentialdowewanttobringout?
therewasacasestudydonein1960sbritain,whentheyweremovingfromgrammarschoolstocomprehensiveschools.it'scalledthestreamingtrials.wecallit"tracking"hereinthestates.it'sseparatingstudentsfroma,b,c,dandsoon.andthe"astudents"getthetoughercurriculum,thebestteachers,etc.well,theytook,overathree-monthperiod,d-levelstudents,gavethema's,toldthemtheywere"a's,"toldthemtheywerebright,andattheendofthisthree-monthperiod,theywereperformingata-level.
and,ofcourse,theheartbreaking,flipsideofthisstudy,isthattheytookthe"astudents"andtoldthemtheywere"d's."andthat'swhathappenedattheendofthatthree-monthperiod.thosewhowerestillaroundinschool,besidesthepeoplewhohaddroppedout.acrucialpartofthiscasestudywasthattheteachersweredupedtoo.theteachersdidn'tknowaswitchhadbeenmade.theyweresimplytold,"thesearethe'a-students,'thesearethe'd-students.'"andthat'showtheywentaboutteachingthemandtreatingthem.
so,ithinkthattheonlytruedisabilityisacrushedspirit,aspiritthat'sbeencrusheddoesn'thavehope,itdoesn'tseebeauty,itnolongerhasournatural,childlikecuriosityandourinnateabilitytoimagine.ifinstead,wecanbolsterahumanspirittokeephope,toseebeautyinthemselvesandothers,tobecuriousandimaginative,thenwearetrulyusingourpoweraspirithasthosequalities,weareabletocreatenewrealitiesandnewwaysofbeing.
i'dliketoleaveyouwithapoembyafourteenth-centurypersianpoetnamedhafizthatmyfriend,jacquesdemboistoldmeabout,andthepoemiscalled"thegodwhoonlyknowsfourwords":"everychildhasknowngod,notthegodofnames,notthegodofdon'ts,butthegodwhoonlyknowsfourwordsandkeepsrepeatingthem,saying,'comedancewithme.come,dancewithme.come,dancewithme.'"
thankyou.(applause)
事实上，中国餐馆在美国历史上发挥了很重要的作用。古巴导弹危机是在华盛顿一家名叫“燕京馆”的中餐馆里解决的。很不幸，这家餐馆现在关门了，即将被改建成沃尔格林连锁药店。而约翰·威尔克斯·布斯刺杀林肯总统的那所房子现在也成了一家中餐馆，就是位于华盛顿的“锅和卷”。
andifyouthinkaboutit,alotofthefoodsthatyouthinkoforwethinkoforamericansthinkofaschinesefoodarebarelyrecognizabletochinese,fore_ample:beefwithbroccoli,eggrolls,generaltso'schicken,fortunecookies,chopsuey,thetake-outbo_es.
如果你仔细想想，就会发现很多你们所认为或我们所认为，或是美国人所认为的中国食物，中国人并不认识。比如西兰花牛肉、蛋卷、左宗棠鸡、幸运饼干、杂碎、外卖盒子。
so,theinterestingquestionis,howdoyougofromfortunecookiesbeingsomethingthatisjapanesetobeingsomethingthatischinese?well,theshortansweris,welockedupallthejapaneseduringworldwarii,includingthosethatmadefortunecookies,sothat'sthetimewhenthechinesemovedin,kindofsawamarketopportunityandtookover.
所以有趣的是，幸运饼干是怎么从日本的东西变成中国的东西的呢？简单地说，我们在二战时扣押了所以的日本人，包括那些做幸运饼干的。这时候，中国人来了，看到了商机，自然就据为己有了。
generaltso'schicken--which,bytheway,intheusnavalacademyiscalledadmiraltso'schicken.ilovethisdish.theoriginalnameinmybookwasactuallycalledthelongmarchofgeneraltso,andhehasmarchedveryfarindeed,becauseheissweet,heisfried,andheischicken--allthingsthatamericanslove.
左宗棠鸡，在美国海军军校被称为左司令鸡。我很喜欢这道菜。在我的书里，这道菜实际上叫左将军的长征，它确实在美国很受欢迎，因为它是甜的，油炸的，是鸡肉做的——全部都是美国人的最爱。
so,youknow,irealizedwheniwasthere,generaltsoiskindofalotlikecolonelsandersinamerica,inthathe'sknownforchickenandnotwar.butinchina,thisguy'sactuallyknownforwarandnotchicken.
我意识到左宗棠将军有点像美国的桑德斯上校(肯德基创始人)，因为他是因鸡肉而出名的而不是战争。而在中国，左宗棠确实是因为战争而不是鸡肉闻名的。
soit'skindofpartofthephenomenonicalledspontaneousself-organization,right,where,likeinantcolonies,wherelittledecisionsmadeby--onthemicro-levelactuallyhaveabigimpactonthemacro-level.
这就有点像我所说的自发组织现象。就像在蚂蚁群中，在微观层面上做的小小决定会在宏观层面上产生巨大的影响。
andthegreatinnovationofchickenmcnuggetswasnotnuggetfyingthem,becausethat'skindofaneasyconcept,butthetrickbehindchickenmcnuggetswas,theywereabletoremovethechickenfromtheboneinacost-effectivemanner,whichiswhyittooksolongforotherpeopletocopythem.
麦乐鸡块的发明并没有给他们带来切实收益，因为这个想法很简单，但麦乐鸡背后的技巧是如何用一种划算的方式来把鸡肉从骨头上剔出来。这就是为什么过了这么久才有人模仿他们。
wecanthinkofchineserestaurantsperhapsaslinu_:sortofanopensourcething,right,whereideasfromonepersoncanbecopiedandpropagatedacrosstheentiresystem,thattherecanbespecializedversionsofchinesefood,youknow,dependingontheregion.
我们可以把中餐馆比作linu_：一种开源系统。一个人的想法可以在整个系统中被复制，被普及。在不同的地区，就有特别版本的中国菜。
尊敬的老师们，亲爱的同学们：
大家好！
到底是剪短头发呢，还是继续留长发？我在镜子前来回踱步。
“当然是短发方便啦！”妈妈笑着说，“你头发越来越长了，打理起来也越来越麻烦。再说，尝试改变也是一件很美好的事哦！”
我又抬起头，望着镜中踌躇不安的自己和头上有些凌乱的长发，心想：改变为什么一定意味着失去呢？每天清晨，为了这一头长发，我常常要在镜前花费很多宝贵的时间。但是如果剪成了短发，不仅能节约时间，而且我还可以迎接一个崭新的模样，一个崭新的自我……
我下定了决心：改变！
于是，我坐在了理发店的转椅上，镜中的我露出心满意足的微笑。看着满地的碎发，我“如释重负”，一下子觉得世界焕然一新。看来，之前的担忧真是多余！
出了理发店，冬日的暖阳从云朵中露出微笑脸庞。我一边迈着欢快的步伐，一边在想：“改变，真好！”
这让我想起了另一件事。
以前，最让我焦虑的事情，就是在书房那“茫茫书海”中寻找一本急需的作业本。妈妈十分关心我，总是抽空帮我整理书房。但整理之后的日子里，书房总会时不时传来一连串问号：“妈妈，我的课外书呢？”“咦，我的练习册哪去了？”
于是，我尝试改变。从给每一本书归类到把书柜分格，从为每一本作业本“安家”，到给每一支笔找到“住所”……很快，我的书房中的每一位成员都有了“新家”。
从此，我都自己收拾房间。忙碌过后，我每次都感到疲倦，但内心却是无比快乐。因为我体验了“改变”：从妈妈为我的一切操劳，到我自己打理生活。我的房间越来越整洁，我也在改变中成长，越来越独立了。
生命中有许多需要改变的东西，我们要对改变充满信心，不能让多余的担心阻挡我们成长的步伐，因为改变让我们收获自信，收获希望，收获人生的多姿多态！改变，真好！